{"id":3132,"date":"2018-09-11T10:32:24","date_gmt":"2018-09-11T08:32:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/2018\/09\/11\/que-son-los-plant-protection-products\/"},"modified":"2018-09-20T13:12:35","modified_gmt":"2018-09-20T11:12:35","slug":"what-are-plant-protection-products","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/what-are-plant-protection-products\/","title":{"rendered":"What are Plant Protection Products?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plant Protection Products (PPP), also known as phytosanitary products, acquires a fundamental importance in agriculture when it comes to guarantee the productivity and safety of the crops. Therefore, it is essential to have an adequate knowledge of the types that exist, their composition, uses, risks and the legislation that regulates them.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Health Organization (WHO)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a phytosanitary product is that substance or mixture of substances intended to prevent the action of, or directly destroy, animal or plant life forms detrimental to public health and also for agriculture during the production, storage, transportation, distribution and processing of agricultural products and their derivatives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A fact to emphasize the leading role of Plant Protection Products in today&#8217;s agriculture is that it has been estimated that different pests can affect up to 40% of world food production.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecpa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/7450_Registration%20brochure_3.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">development of Plant Protection Products<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, several scientific disciplines are involved, such as biology, agronomy, chemistry, engineering, genetic engineering, computer science, economics or sociology. At the time of its development, we must not only consider aspects relating to its effectiveness, but we must also make them respectful with the environment and ecologically sustainable.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Types of pests<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>We understand by plague any organism that affects a crop causing economic losses. Pests can be classified according to two criteria:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the agent that produces it:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Invertebrate animals (insects, mites, nematodes, gastropods).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Pathogenic organisms or diseases (fungi, bacteria, viruses).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Weeds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Vertebrate animals (rodents, birds, etc.).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the type of damage they cause:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Direct: when the part to be harvested from the plant is affected.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Indirect: when the part to be harvested from the plant is not damaged, but others, affecting the quality and production of the first.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3118 size-full\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\" src=\"http:\/\/agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Larva-en-fruto-e1536653360798.jpg\" alt=\"plant protection products\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1146\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Larva-en-fruto-e1536653360798.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Larva-en-fruto-e1536653360798-800x448.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Larva-en-fruto-e1536653360798-768x430.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Larva-en-fruto-e1536653360798-1200x671.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Larva-en-fruto-e1536653360798-350x195.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to act before a plague?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We can contemplate two types of actions focused on ending pests: preventive and those that can be carried out once the plague has acted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ideal would be to anticipate the attack, for which it is essential that there is an efficient exchange of information between countries, in order to prevent the appearance of harmful agents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In case our product has already been affected, the process to follow would be to diagnose the problem correctly by studying the symptoms presented by the plant; later the damage would have to be evaluated and, finally, a decision on the treatment to be applied would have to be made.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Composition of Plant Protection Products<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A phytosanitary product is a chemical formulation consisting of different components and classified as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/plant\/pesticides_en\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Active principle<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: is the compound that acts directly on the agent to be eliminated.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Inert principle: they are neutral compounds that help in the diffusion of the active ingredient and dilute it, thus lowering its toxicity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Coadjutants: substances that improve the effectiveness of the active principle as stabilizers or dyes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Types of Plant Protection Products<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are many and varied criteria for classifying phytosanitary products. Below we describe the most common.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the agent they act on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Insecticides (insects).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Acaricides (mites).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nematicides (nematodes).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Fungicides (fungi).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bactericides (bacteria).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Herbicides (weeds).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Molluscicides or helicides (snails and slugs).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Rodenticides (rodents).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the mode of action:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The chemical composition of each product determines how it will act to eliminate a particular pest. There are about 24 modes of action in insecticides and acaricides, 12 in fungicides and 15 in herbicides.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3126 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/henry-be-98915-unsplash-e1536653729677.jpg\" alt=\"plant protection product\" width=\"4648\" height=\"2556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/henry-be-98915-unsplash-e1536653729677.jpg 4648w, https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/henry-be-98915-unsplash-e1536653729677-800x440.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/henry-be-98915-unsplash-e1536653729677-768x422.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/henry-be-98915-unsplash-e1536653729677-1200x660.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4648px) 100vw, 4648px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to its behavior in the plant:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For this classification, the key factor to consider is the mobility of the PPP within the plant. They may be:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Contact or superficial: they remain on the surface of the plant, since they do not move.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Penetrating or translaminar: goes inside the plant, but without moving to other parts of it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Systemic: the pesticide, once inside the plant, is incorporated into the flow of sap, reaching all its parts.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the different types of pests on which it acts:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Polyvalent or broad spectrum products: they affect many different types of pests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Specific or selective products: they are responsible for eradicating one or two types of pests.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nowadays the development of phytosanitary products is oriented towards specific products, since they are more respectful with the environment. On the other hand, broad-spectrum species can lead to ecological imbalances by destroying species that are, in a way, beneficial.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plant Protection Products and human health<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The use of phytosanitary products can lead to health problems both in people who handle them directly, and in consumers. The poisoning routes can be three: digestive, respiratory and cutaneous.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3122 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/01may09-006-e1536653423690.jpg\" alt=\"plant protection products\" width=\"3072\" height=\"1658\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/01may09-006-e1536653423690.jpg 3072w, https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/01may09-006-e1536653423690-800x432.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/01may09-006-e1536653423690-768x415.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.agriculturayensayo.com\/ayewebpage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/01may09-006-e1536653423690-1200x648.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3072px) 100vw, 3072px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the case of those who work directly with PPPs, they must have the training and adequate equipment to avoid such risks. Among other things, it is important to read the labeling, the safety data sheets and the rules of use of the different products.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To avoid that the food arrive contaminated to the market, they must be treated according to the instructions of each product, be collected in a suitable period of time after the last treatment (safety term) and have a traceability that allows us to follow their trail in each moment.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plant Protection Products and the environment<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phytosanitary products can cause serious problems in the environment, affecting the quality of water, air, soil and living beings. To avoid and mitigate these effects we must take measures, some of them are: use authorized products and do so according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer, adequate doses, avoid spills on the ground or not to treat on rainy days to avoid being dragged.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legislation on Plant Protection Products<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As it could not be otherwise, the use of phytosanitary products is adequately regulated in Spain. The most important <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/plant\/pesticides\/approval_active_substances\/eu_rules_en\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">national regulations for PPP<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> regulation are the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Law 43\/2002, of November 20, on Plant Health: it specifies the mechanisms for the prevention and control of pests, regulates the conditions of commercialization, the rules of labeling and the sale and purchase with other countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Royal Decree 1311\/2012: incorporates into European legislation the European Directive 2009\/128 \/ EC, in order to obtain a sustainable use of pesticides.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Royal Decree 1702\/2011: on the periodic inspections of the application equipment for plant protection products.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/osha.europa.eu\/en\/legislation\/directives\/regulation-ec-no-1107-2009-plant-protection-products\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regulation (CE) 1107\/2009<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: deals with the commercialization of phytosanitary products, being mandatory and direct compliance by all member countries of the European Union.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We can conclude that the development and application of Plant Protection Products acquires great relevance in agriculture and, therefore, in food and in the global economy. This specific weight in society, added to the risk associated with toxicity and environmental problems, means that phytosanitary products are <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecpa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/7450_Registration%20brochure_3.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">highly regulated by law<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, thus trying to avoid their possible adverse effects both in humans and in their environment.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plant Protection Products (PPP), also known as phytosanitary products, acquires a fundamental importance in agriculture when it comes to guarantee the productivity and safety of the crops. Therefore, it is essential to have an adequate knowledge of the types that exist, their composition, uses, risks and the legislation that regulates them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3129,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[112],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v14.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What are Plant Protection Products? | Agricultura y Ensayo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The PPP are fundamental in agriculture when it comes to guarantee the productivity and safety of the crops. 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